Túlfeszültségvédelem

Túlfeszültségvédelem refers to the measures and devices used to protect electrical systems and electronic equipment from transient overvoltages, commonly known as surges. These surges can be caused by various sources, including lightning strikes, switching operations within the power grid, and internal switching of inductive loads. The rapid increase in voltage can exceed the normal operating limits of electrical components, leading to insulation breakdown, component failure, and potential fire hazards.

The primary goal of túlfeszültségvédelem is to divert or limit the excess voltage to a safe level, thereby preventing damage to connected devices. This is typically achieved through the use of surge protective devices (SPDs). SPDs are installed at various points in an electrical installation, such as at the service entrance, distribution panels, and directly on sensitive equipment.

Common types of SPDs include Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs), Gas Discharge Tubes (GDTs), and Silicon Avalanche Diodes (SADs). MOVs are widely used due to their cost-effectiveness and ability to absorb significant energy. GDTs offer high surge handling capability and a longer lifespan, while SADs provide faster response times and precise clamping voltages, making them suitable for very sensitive electronics.

Effective túlfeszültségvédelem often involves a coordinated approach, utilizing multiple layers of protection. This strategy ensures that surges are progressively suppressed as they travel through the electrical system, offering comprehensive safeguarding for both infrastructure and end-user devices. The proper selection and installation of SPDs are crucial for their effectiveness and the overall safety of the electrical system.