Tölvugervingu

Tölvugervingu, also known as computer virus, is a type of malicious software designed to replicate itself and spread to other computers. It typically attaches itself to legitimate programs or files, and when executed, it can cause damage, steal data, or disrupt normal operations. Computer viruses can be categorized into several types, including file viruses, boot sector viruses, and macro viruses, each with its own method of infection and impact.

The lifecycle of a computer virus generally involves three stages: infection, activation, and replication. During the infection stage, the virus attaches itself to a host file or program. Activation occurs when the infected file is executed, triggering the virus's payload, which can range from harmless pranks to severe data corruption or system failure. In the replication stage, the virus attempts to spread to other files or systems, often through network connections or removable media.

Preventing and mitigating the impact of computer viruses involves several strategies. Regular software updates and patches can close security vulnerabilities that viruses exploit. Antivirus software can detect and remove known viruses, while user education on safe computing practices, such as avoiding suspicious downloads and emails, can significantly reduce the risk of infection. Additionally, using firewalls and keeping personal data backed up can help protect against the worst effects of a virus infection.