Szélmér

Szélmér, or szélmérő, is a device used to measure wind speed and, in many configurations, wind direction. In meteorology and related fields, it is typically referred to as a szélmérő in Hungarian, with szélmér as a shortened form. The instrument is essential in weather stations, ships, aviation, and wind-energy assessments.

Historically, the most common forms are cup anemometers and wind vanes. A cup anemometer uses rotating cups attached to a shaft; the rotation frequency is proportional to wind speed. A wind vane provides wind direction. Modern systems may combine both on a single mast. In addition to mechanical devices, electronic instruments have been developed that rely on alternative sensing principles.

Electronic and non-moving-part variants include sonic (ultrasonic) anemometers, which measure wind speed by the travel time of sound between transducers, and hot-wire or hot-film anemometers, which relate wind speed to cooling of a heated element. Each type has different advantages in response time, accuracy, and maintenance.

Measurement and standards: wind speed is typically reported in meters per second (m/s) or kilometers per hour (km/h), and sometimes in miles per hour (mph). Measurements are taken at standardized heights, commonly around 2 meters above ground for weather observations, with adjustments for terrain and height. Calibration and data quality follow meteorological standards set by organizations such as the World Meteorological Organization.

Applications: szélmérők are used in weather forecasting, climate research, aviation planning, marine navigation, and wind-energy resource assessment. They are deployed on land, at sea, and in aircraft, ships, and weather balloons to provide real-time wind information.