Szklerozása

Szklerozása is a term used to describe sclerosis, the process by which tissues become abnormally hard and stiff. It is not a single disease but a feature of many conditions in which connective tissue thickeness, fibrosis, or calcification replaces normal tissue architecture, leading to impaired function.

The underlying mechanism typically involves chronic injury or inflammation that activates cells responsible for fibrosis, such as fibroblasts. These cells deposit extracellular matrix components, especially collagen, and promote tissue remodeling. Over time, this fibrotic change reduces elasticity and can disrupt normal organ structure and blood flow.

Sclerosis occurs in diverse organ systems and contexts. Arterial sclerosis, including arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis, stiffens the vessel walls and contributes to cardiovascular risk. In bones, osteosclerosis refers to increased density and hardening. In the liver and other organs, fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis or similar forms of scarring. Systemic sclerosis, or scleroderma, is an autoimmune condition characterized by widespread fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Sclerosis can also result from localized injuries, infections, or chronic diseases.

Clinical significance depends on the affected tissue. When sclerosis compromises blood supply or organ function, symptoms reflect the resulting ischemia or failure. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment, imaging (such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI), and, when appropriate, tissue biopsy to characterize fibrotic changes. Treatment targets the underlying cause and aims to slow progression, manage symptoms, and preserve organ function. This may include lifestyle modifications, medications to control inflammation or cardiovascular risk factors, and, in advanced cases, surgical or transplant options.