Szilvafák

Szilvafák, known scientifically as Prunus domestica, are deciduous trees or shrubs belonging to the Rosaceae family. They are cultivated for their fruit, the plum. Originating from the Caucasus region, szilvafák are now grown widely across temperate climates worldwide.

The trees typically grow to a moderate height, often between 6 to 10 meters (20 to 33 feet). They feature oval to oblong leaves that are serrated along the edges. In spring, szilvafák produce profuse white flowers, often preceding the leaves. The fruit, the plum, ripens in late summer or early autumn, varying in color from purple and red to yellow and green depending on the cultivar. Plums are known for their sweet, juicy flesh and a hard stone at the center.

There are numerous cultivars of szilvafák, each with distinct fruit characteristics, such as size, shape, flavor, and ripening time. These cultivars are often categorized into European plums (Prunus domestica) and Japanese plums (Prunus salicina), though both are commonly referred to as szilvafák in many regions. The trees are relatively hardy and can adapt to various soil conditions, although they prefer well-drained soil and ample sunlight.

Szilvafák are important economically, providing fruit for fresh consumption, as well as for processing into jams, jellies, preserves, and dried fruit like prunes. They also play a role in ornamental horticulture due to their attractive spring blossoms.