Szemgödör

Szemgödör, also known as *eye socket* or *orbital cavity*, is the bony structure in the skull that houses and protects the eyeball, optic nerve, and associated muscles and glands. Located on either side of the nasal cavity, it is one of the most complex and delicate anatomical regions of the human face.

The orbital cavity is formed by several bones, including the frontal bone (forming the roof), the sphenoid and ethmoid bones (forming the medial wall), the maxilla and zygomatic bones (forming the lateral wall), and the palatine and lacrimal bones (completing the floor and medial floor). Its shape is roughly conical, with an average depth of about 40–50 millimeters and a width of approximately 35–45 millimeters.

Within the orbit, the eyeball rests against the posterior wall, while the anterior portion contains the eyelids, tear ducts, and extrinsic eye muscles responsible for movement. The optic nerve exits the orbit through the optic canal in the sphenoid bone, connecting the eye to the brain. Blood supply to the orbit is provided by branches of the ophthalmic artery, and drainage occurs via veins that lead into the cavernous sinus.

Szemgödör-related injuries or conditions, such as fractures, infections (e.g., orbital cellulitis), or tumors, can significantly impact vision and facial structure. Common causes of orbital trauma include blunt force injuries, such as those from sports or accidents. Medical imaging techniques like CT scans are often used to diagnose and assess orbital injuries or abnormalities.

The orbit also plays a role in facial aesthetics and expression, as its contours influence the appearance of the eyes and surrounding areas. Surgical procedures, such as orbital reconstruction or cosmetic enhancements, may address structural or cosmetic concerns related to the eye socket. Proper care and awareness of orbital health are essential for maintaining visual function and overall facial integrity.