Szarkómák

Szarkómák are a type of cancer that arises from connective tissues in the body. These tissues include bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, and nerve tissue. Sarcomas are relatively rare compared to carcinomas, which originate from epithelial tissues like skin or the lining of organs. Because sarcomas can develop in almost any part of the body, they can present with a wide variety of symptoms depending on their location and size. Often, a noticeable lump or swelling is the first sign, which may or may not be painful.

There are over 70 different subtypes of sarcoma, broadly categorized into soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas (osteosarcomas). Soft tissue sarcomas are more common and can occur in the limbs, trunk, abdomen, or head and neck. Bone sarcomas typically affect the long bones of the arms and legs but can also occur in the pelvis or spine. Diagnosis usually involves imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans, followed by a biopsy to confirm the type of sarcoma and its grade, which indicates how aggressive the cancer is.

Treatment for sarcomas depends on the specific type, location, size, and grade of the tumor, as well as whether it has spread. Surgery is a primary treatment modality, aiming to remove the tumor completely with clear margins. Radiation therapy may be used before or after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells or control tumor growth. Chemotherapy is also an option, particularly for high-grade sarcomas or those that have metastasized. Ongoing research continues to explore targeted therapies and immunotherapies to improve outcomes for sarcoma patients.