Szájpadhasadék

Szájpadhasadék, also known as cleft palate, is a birth defect characterized by an opening or split in the roof of the mouth. This opening can occur in the front part of the hard palate, the back part of the soft palate, or involve both. It can also occur as an isolated condition or in conjunction with a cleft lip.

The condition arises during fetal development when the two sides of the palate fail to fuse completely. The exact causes are not fully understood, but genetic factors and environmental influences are believed to play a role. Risk factors can include family history, certain genetic syndromes, exposure to some medications or infections during pregnancy, and maternal smoking or alcohol consumption.

The consequences of a szájpadhasadék can vary depending on the severity and location of the cleft. Speech difficulties are common, as the palate is crucial for forming sounds. Feeding can also be challenging, as the opening can allow food and liquids to pass into the nasal cavity. Ear infections are also more prevalent due to impaired Eustachian tube function.

Diagnosis is typically made at birth or can be detected during prenatal ultrasounds. Treatment usually involves surgical repair of the palate, often performed in stages. Early intervention is important to address feeding and speech issues. Multidisciplinary teams, including surgeons, speech therapists, orthodontists, and pediatricians, are often involved in the long-term care of individuals with cleft palate.