Syphilitic

Syphilitic is an adjective relating to syphilis, a systemic infection caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. The term is used to describe manifestations, lesions, or conditions attributed to syphilis, whether active or historical. Syphilis is primarily sexually transmitted, though transmission from mother to fetus can occur, leading to congenital syphilis.

Clinical spectrum: The infection progresses through stages. Primary syphilis is marked by a usually painless chancre at the entry site, which may be followed by regional lymphadenopathy. Secondary syphilis can include a diffuse rash, mucous patches, condylomata lata, and systemic symptoms. The infection can enter a latent phase, with no signs, and may later manifest as tertiary syphilis, including gummatous lesions, cardiovascular disease such as aortitis, and neurosyphilis presenting as meningitis, tabes dorsalis, or general paresis. Some forms are chronic and described as syphilitic in historical literature.

Diagnosis relies on serologic testing. Non-treponemal tests (e.g., RPR, VDRL) are used for screening and monitoring, while treponemal tests (e.g., FTA-ABS, TP-PA) are more specific. Direct detection can be done by dark-field microscopy from lesions.

Treatment is with penicillin G, the preferred option for all stages, including pregnant women to prevent congenital syphilis. Alternatives exist for penicillin allergy, but effectiveness varies by stage.

Prognosis is favorable with early treatment, but late-stage or untreated infection can cause irreversible damage. The term 'syphilitic' remains a descriptive descriptor in medical writing, though modern practice often specifies the disease stage or manifestation.