Syklotymi

Syklotymi, also known as cyclothymic disorder, is a mild but chronic mood disorder. It is characterized by a prolonged period of at least two years, during which a person experiences numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms. These symptoms are not severe enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder or bipolar II disorder.

The hypomanic periods in cyclothymia involve symptoms such as elevated mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and increased talkativeness. However, these symptoms are less intense and shorter in duration than those seen in full manic episodes. Similarly, the depressive periods involve symptoms like low mood, fatigue, and loss of interest, but they do not reach the severity of a major depressive episode.

The essential feature of cyclothymia is the fluctuating nature of mood. Individuals with this condition often experience periods where they feel unusually good and energetic, followed by periods of feeling down or unmotivated. These mood swings can be disruptive to daily life, relationships, and work or school performance, even though they are not as extreme as those in bipolar disorders.

The exact cause of cyclothymia is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. It is often diagnosed in adolescence or early adulthood. While cyclothymia is a chronic condition, treatment, which may include psychotherapy and sometimes medication, can help manage symptoms and improve overall functioning. The goal of treatment is to stabilize mood and reduce the frequency and intensity of mood fluctuations.