Syklotronit

Syklotronit are a type of particle accelerator. They use a magnetic field and an electric field to accelerate charged particles to high speeds. The magnetic field is arranged in a way that forces the particles to move in a spiral path. The electric field is applied across a gap in the path, giving the particles a boost of energy each time they cross it. As the particles gain energy, they spiral outwards. This outward spiral allows for a compact design compared to linear accelerators.

The primary components of a syklotronit are a vacuum chamber, a powerful electromagnet, and two D-shaped electrodes called "dees." Particles are injected into the center of the dees. The magnetic field causes them to move in a circular path, and the electric field between the dees accelerates them. Each time the particles pass through the gap between the dees, their energy increases, and their spiral path expands. This process continues until the particles reach the desired energy and are extracted from the syklotronit.

Syklotronit have found applications in various fields, including nuclear physics research, medical isotope production for imaging and therapy, and materials science. They are particularly useful for accelerating light ions like protons and deuterons. The energy achieved is limited by relativistic effects, where the mass of the particle increases with speed, causing them to fall out of sync with the accelerating electric field. For higher energies, other types of accelerators like synchrotrons are employed.