Sydänlihassairauksia

Sydänlihassairauksia, known in English as cardiomyopathies, are a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle, making it harder for the heart to pump blood to the rest of the body. These conditions can lead to heart failure, arrhythmias, and other serious complications. Cardiomyopathies can be inherited, acquired, or of unknown cause.

There are several main types of cardiomyopathies. Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by enlargement and weakening of the left ventricle, leading to reduced pumping efficiency. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves thickening of the heart muscle, particularly the left ventricle, which can obstruct blood flow. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is characterized by stiffening of the heart muscle, preventing the ventricles from filling properly. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy affects the right ventricle, replacing muscle tissue with fatty and fibrous tissue, which can cause dangerous heart rhythms.

Symptoms of cardiomyopathy can vary depending on the type and severity of the disease, but commonly include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and feet, chest pain, palpitations, and fainting. Diagnosis often involves a physical examination, medical history, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, and sometimes cardiac MRI or biopsy.

Treatment for cardiomyopathy aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life. This may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce fluid retention, and prevent blood clots. Lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet and regular exercise can also be beneficial. In some cases, pacemakers, defibrillators, or surgery may be required. Heart transplantation is an option for individuals with severe, end-stage heart failure. Regular medical follow-up is crucial for monitoring the condition and adjusting treatment as needed.