Sydänkeuhkokeräimen

Sydänkeuhkokeräimen, also known as cardiac tamponade, is a medical condition where excess fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac, the double-layered membrane surrounding the heart. This fluid buildup puts pressure on the heart, preventing it from filling properly with blood. As the pressure increases, the heart's ability to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body diminishes.

The causes of sydänkeuhkokeräimen are varied and can include trauma to the chest, inflammation of the pericardium (pericarditis) due to infections or autoimmune diseases, rupture of the heart or aorta, and complications from heart surgery or radiation therapy. Certain cancers can also spread to the pericardium, leading to fluid accumulation.

Symptoms can develop rapidly or gradually depending on the cause and the amount of fluid. They may include shortness of breath, chest pain that worsens when lying down or breathing deeply, a rapid heartbeat, dizziness, and fainting. In severe cases, it can lead to a sharp drop in blood pressure and shock.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening for muffled heart sounds, and imaging techniques such as echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart), which can visualize the fluid and its effect on the heart's function. Other tests like chest X-ray and electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be used.

Treatment for sydänkeuhkokeräimen aims to remove the excess fluid and relieve the pressure on the heart. This is usually done through a procedure called pericardiocentesis, where a needle is inserted into the pericardial sac to drain the fluid. In some cases, a surgical procedure called a pericardial window may be necessary to create a small opening for continuous drainage. Addressing the underlying cause of the fluid accumulation is also crucial for long-term management.