Svín

Svín refers to the domesticated pig, Sus scrofa domesticus, a hoofed mammal in the pig family. Pigs were domesticated from wild boar in various regions thousands of years ago and are kept worldwide for meat, by‑products, and in some cases for research or as pets. They are highly adaptable and can occupy diverse farming systems, from intensive indoor facilities to more enriched outdoor environments.

Physically, pigs are medium to large, stout-bodied animals with short legs, a prominent snout used for rooting, and a coat of bristly hair that varies in color and pattern. They are omnivorous and opportunistic feeders, consuming a wide range of plant matter, invertebrates, and discarded foods. Their social behavior is complex; they form groups with social hierarchies and communicate through vocalizations and body language. They are known for intelligence and problem-solving abilities, which has implications for welfare and management.

Reproduction in domestic pigs typically involves a gestation period of about 114 days. Litter sizes commonly range from six to twelve piglets, which are weaned at roughly three to four weeks. Modern breeding programs select for traits such as rapid growth, feed efficiency, and meat quality, while welfare-focused practices aim to improve living conditions, enrichment, and space.

The primary product derived from svín is pork, along with other meats like bacon and ham, and various by-products. In many regions, animal welfare, environmental impact, and disease control are important considerations in pig production, alongside regulatory standards aimed at ensuring food safety and animal well-being. Wild relatives of the domestic pig exist as wild boar populations in several parts of the world.