Suukuivuu

Suukuivuu, or xerostomia in medical terms, is the subjective feeling of oral dryness typically caused by reduced saliva production or changes in saliva composition. It is a symptom rather than a disease, and while it can be mild and transient, it may also indicate an underlying condition or be a side effect of certain medications or treatments.

Common causes and risk factors include dehydration, use of medications such as antihistamines, antidepressants, anticholinergics, and diuretics, and medical conditions like diabetes, Sjögren's syndrome, or autoimmune diseases. Radiation therapy to the head or neck, nerve damage, mouth breathing, tobacco use, and aging can also contribute. The condition is more frequently reported among older adults and people taking multiple medications.

Symptoms of suukuivuu may include a dry, sticky, or burning sensation in the mouth, difficulty speaking or swallowing, altered taste, cracked lips, and bad breath. Reduced saliva can increase the risk of dental caries, gum disease, infections, mouth ulcers, and denture discomfort. Some people experience increased thirst, but saliva production may remain low even with fluids.

Diagnosis typically involves a clinical oral examination and discussion of symptoms, with additional tests such as sialometry to measure saliva flow if needed. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and relieving symptoms. Options include hydration, avoiding alcohol and caffeine, using saliva substitutes or xylitol-containing products, sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva, and good oral hygiene with fluoride products. In certain cases, medications that stimulate saliva production (for example pilocarpine or cevimeline) may be prescribed.

Prevention emphasizes regular dental care, staying hydrated, humidifying sleeping environments, and managing contributing conditions or medications in consultation with healthcare providers. Seek medical advice if dry mouth persists or is accompanied by pain, ulcers, or difficulty eating.