Suspensionssystem

Suspensionssystem, or suspension system, is the arrangement of components that connects a vehicle’s body to its wheels. Its main functions are to support the vehicle weight, absorb energy from road irregularities, and maintain tire contact with the road to preserve ride quality and handling. The system also helps control body motion during cornering, acceleration, and braking.

Key components include springs, dampers (shock absorbers), and linkage or control arms that locate the wheels relative to the chassis. Springs store energy and cushion impacts; dampers dissipate energy to limit oscillation. Anti-roll bars reduce body roll; steering and suspension geometry influence camber, toe, and caster to maintain alignment and stability.

Suspension systems are commonly passive, semi-active, or active. Passive suspensions use fixed springs and dampers. Semi-active and active systems adjust damping or stiffness in response to signals to improve ride or handling. Configurations include independent setups (MacPherson strut, double wishbone, or multi-link) and dependent setups (solid axle with leaf springs); air suspension adds height control.

Springs include coil, leaf, torsion bars, and air springs. Dampers are hydraulic or gas-charged shock absorbers that dissipate energy. Some modern systems use electronically controlled dampers or magnetorheological fluids for rapid changes in feel.

Ride quality and handling depend on topology, spring rate, damping, and geometry. The goal is to keep tires in contact with the road, control body motions, and adapt to loads and speed.

Advances include adaptive or active suspensions, road-sensing, and magnetic ride control, along with load-leveling for heavy vehicles. The choice of suspension design reflects vehicle type, intended use, and cost considerations.