Supraleitungen

Supraleitungen is a phenomenon observed in certain materials when cooled below a critical temperature. In this state, these materials exhibit two remarkable properties: zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields, known as the Meissner effect. The absence of electrical resistance means that an electric current can flow through a superconductor indefinitely without any energy loss. This property holds immense potential for energy transmission and the development of highly efficient electrical devices.

The Meissner effect is equally fascinating. When a material transitions into its superconducting state, it actively pushes out any applied magnetic field from its interior. This repulsion allows magnetic levitation, where a magnet can float above a superconductor, a phenomenon often demonstrated in scientific exhibits.

The discovery of superconductivity dates back to 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. Since then, research has focused on understanding the underlying physics, with the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory explaining conventional superconductivity. However, the discovery of high-temperature superconductors, materials that exhibit superconductivity at relatively higher temperatures, has opened up new avenues for research and technological applications, though their mechanisms are still not fully understood. Applications range from powerful electromagnets in MRI machines and particle accelerators to potential future technologies like high-speed magnetic levitation trains and advanced computing.