SuperMemo

SuperMemo is a family of computer-assisted learning programs and related methodologies developed by Polish researcher Piotr Wozniak since the late 1980s. The first version, released for DOS in 1987, introduced a new approach to learning through intelligent scheduling of repetitions.

The core concept of SuperMemo is spaced repetition, a technique that presents information at increasing intervals to maximize long-term retention. SuperMemo uses a family of algorithms, collectively referred to as the SM series, to determine the optimal time to review each item based on learner performance and perceived difficulty. Learners rate their recall quality, and the program adjusts subsequent intervals and repetition counts accordingly.

In addition to standard flashcard-style review, SuperMemo includes Incremental Reading, a method for processing long texts and extracting relevant facts and questions into a personal knowledge base. This approach aims to build a large, organized repository of information that can be reviewed efficiently over time.

Impact and reception: SuperMemo has influenced the development of other spaced-repetition tools, including Anki, which implements a variant of the SM-2 algorithm. It has found use in language learning, medicine, and various disciplines that require long-term retention of factual knowledge. Critics note that the effectiveness of such systems depends on user adherence, appropriate settings, and consistency, and some studies report variable results across contexts.

The software is produced by SuperMemo World, a Polish company. It is available on multiple platforms and offered in both commercial and free editions, with a range of tools designed to support different learning goals and research applications.