Subirrigatsioon

Subirrigatsioon, also known as controlled drainage or water table management, is an agricultural practice designed to manage soil moisture levels in the root zone by controlling the water table. This is typically achieved through a system of underground pipes or tiles that can either drain excess water away or allow water to be raised into the root zone from a nearby water source. The primary goal is to maintain optimal soil moisture conditions for crop growth, preventing both waterlogging and drought stress.

The implementation of subirrigatsioon systems usually involves installing a network of perforated pipes beneath the soil surface. These pipes are connected to a control structure, such as a weir or a valve, which regulates the water level in the drainage system. During periods of high rainfall or when the water table is too low, the control structure can be adjusted to either allow water to drain out of the field or to hold water within the drainage system, thereby raising the water table and making it accessible to plant roots.

Subirrigatsioon offers several benefits. It can improve water use efficiency by minimizing water loss through deep percolation and evaporation. It also helps to prevent soil compaction by maintaining a more stable soil moisture content. For crops sensitive to water stress, subirrigatsioon ensures a consistent supply of moisture, potentially leading to increased yields and improved crop quality. However, the initial installation cost of subirrigatsioon systems can be significant, and careful management is required to ensure the system operates effectively without causing unintended waterlogging or salinization issues.