Subepidérmico

Subepidérmico refers to anything located beneath the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. In human anatomy, the skin is composed of two major layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The subepidermal zone is situated immediately under the epidermis and within the upper portion of the dermis, where a rich network of blood vessels, lymphatics, nerve endings, and various connective tissue components such as collagen fibers and elastin fibers reside. This region plays a crucial role in sensory perception, thermoregulation, and the delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the epidermis.

On a microscopic level, subepidermal structures include the basement membrane, which separates epidermal keratinocytes from dermal fibroblasts, as well as the superficial papillary dermis. These components contribute to skin elasticity and structural integrity. The subepidermal space is also the first line of defense in inflammatory responses and in the removal of damaged cells through processes such as apoptosis and phagocytosis.

Clinically, subepidermal lesions are often characterized by localized swelling, erythema, or the formation of blister-like structures. Conditions such as bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, and certain viral infections manifest primarily in this zone. Diagnostic techniques include dermoscopy, ultrasound imaging, and biopsy with histopathological analysis, which can identify immune cell infiltration, keratinocyte damage, or the presence of pathogen-induced vesicles.

Treatment of subepidermal disorders generally focuses on reducing inflammation and promoting tissue repair. Topical corticosteroids, immunomodulatory agents, and in severe cases systemic therapy may be employed. Monitoring disease progression typically involves clinical examination and periodic skin imaging, ensuring early identification of potential complications such as secondary infection or scarring.