Stérile

Stérile is a term used in biology, medicine, and laboratory science to describe something that is devoid of viable microorganisms or unable to reproduce. In biology, sterility refers to an organism’s inability to produce offspring; sterile hybrids such as mules are common examples. In agriculture and pest management, sterile lines or sterile insects are used to control reproduction and population levels, notably in sterile insect technique programs.

In medical and laboratory contexts, stérile denotes an environment, instrument, or product free from all living microorganisms, including spores. Maintaining sterility is essential for safety in surgery, wound care, and the preparation of injectable drugs. A sterile field is a designated area kept free of contaminating microorganisms during procedures. Sterilization is the process used to achieve sterility and can involve methods such as autoclaving (steam under pressure), dry heat, chemical sterilants, irradiation, and high-efficiency filtration. Sterilization is distinct from disinfection and asepsis; it aims for the elimination of all viable microorganisms where feasible. Standards and guidelines govern sterile technique and facilities to minimize infection risk in healthcare and laboratory settings. The term derives from Latin sterilis, through Old French stérile, reflecting a longstanding association with the absence of reproductive or microbial life.