Styrräntor

Styrräntor is a Swedish term used in economics to denote the policy rates and the set of monetary policy instruments through which a central bank steers short-term interest rates and, by extension, economic activity and inflation. The term combines styra ('to steer') and ränta ('interest rate'), and is commonly used in plural to refer to the overall toolkit available to the central bank for monetary management.

In practical terms, styrräntor include the central bank's policy rate (the benchmark rate that guides lending between banks and, through market operations, other financial institutions), as well as associated tools such as open market operations, liquidity facilities, and, in some systems, reserve requirements and forward guidance. The central bank targets a specific short-term rate and uses these instruments to keep actual market rates close to the target, thereby influencing borrowing costs, inflation, and growth.

Styrräntor are central to modern inflation-targeting regimes and are closely watched by financial markets and policymakers. Independence of the central bank, credibility of the target, and transparency of the decision process are often cited as important factors for the effectiveness of styrräntor. Critiques commonly focus on distributional effects, potential financial stability risks, and the difficulty of communicating policy in times of structural change.

While the term originates from Swedish-language economic discourse, discussions of policy rates and related instruments are global; similar concepts are found in other languages under terms like 'policy rate' or 'monetary policy rate'.

See also: monetary policy, policy rate, central bank, inflation targeting, interest rate corridor, quantitative easing.