Stratigrafien
Stratigrafien, or stratigraphy, is the science that studies the order, relative position, and age of rock layers. It aims to reconstruct the history of sedimentation and rock formation by describing and correlating strata across regions, from outcrops to subsurface sequences. Stratigraphy provides a framework for dating geological and archaeological records and for interpreting past environments.
Key concepts in stratigraphy include the principles of superposition (younger layers over older ones), original horizontality,
Subdisciplines include lithostratigraphy, which classifies units by rock type; biostratigraphy, which uses fossils to define temporal
Methods combine field observations, stratigraphic logging, and the examination of fossils, rock microfossils, sedimentary structures, and
Applications of stratigraphy span oil and gas exploration, groundwater research, paleoclimatology, tectonics, and the stratigraphic context