Stomning

Stomning is the surgical creation of a stoma, an opening on the abdominal wall that connects internal organs to the outside. The most common forms involve the bowel (ileostomy or colostomy) or the urinary tract (urostomy).

Indications include colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases, bowel obstruction, trauma, and certain congenital conditions. Stomas can be temporary to protect healing after surgery or permanent when normal continuity cannot be restored.

Procedure overview: Preoperative assessment and stoma education are standard. The operation may be open or laparoscopic. A segment of intestine or urinary tract is brought to the skin, an opening is formed, and a stoma appliance is placed to collect drainage.

Postoperative care focuses on stoma care, skin protection, and appliance management. Common complications include skin irritation, blockage, retraction, prolapse, stenosis, and parastomal hernia. Monitoring hydration is important after ileostomy. Long-term follow-up with a stoma nurse supports adjustment and lifestyle modification, including diet.

Stomning terminology varies by language and region, but the core concept remains a surgically created opening to divert bodily streams. Advances in surgical technique and ostomy devices have improved comfort, care, and quality of life for many patients.