Stomi

Stomi, in medical terminology, refers to a surgically created opening (stoma) that diverts waste from an internal organ to an opening on the abdomen. The stoma is formed from the end of the intestine or part of the urinary tract and is lined with mucosa that interfaces with an external ostomy appliance. Waste exits into a pouch attached to the skin around the stoma.

Stoma type depends on the organ involved. Intestinal stomas include colostomy (colon) and ileostomy (terminal ileum). Urinary stomas, such as urostomy or ileal conduit, divert urine. Stomas can be temporary or permanent, and may be created to allow healing after surgery or to manage chronic disease such as colorectal cancer, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticulitis, bladder cancer, or trauma.

Care and management: A specialized ostomy nurse helps with stoma creation, appliance fitting, and skin care. A removable pouching system collects waste; the surrounding skin must be protected from irritation. Output varies by type; ileostomy tends to be liquid, colostomy more formed. Patients may adjust diet, fluids, and activity. Regular follow-up ensures proper appliance fit, skin health, and monitoring for complications.

Complications and reversal: Potential issues include blockage, dehydration, skin irritation, stoma necrosis, prolapse, retraction, and parastomal hernia. Many problems are treatable. Reversal or takedown surgery may restore normal continuity in selected cases, but not always.