Sternoclavikulærleddet

The sternoclavikulærleddet, or sternoclavicular joint, is the joint between the sternum and the clavicle. It is a saddle‑shaped synovial joint that allows a wide range of motion, including elevation, depression, protraction, retraction, and rotation of the shoulder girdle. The joint capsule is reinforced by ligaments, chiefly the anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, which provide stability while permitting movement. The synovial fluid within the capsule nourishes articular cartilage and reduces friction.

Physiologically, the sternoclavicular joint facilitates the transmission of forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton and plays a key role in scapular mechanics. Because the joint is the only articulation directly connecting the shoulder girdle to the trunk, it is essential for proper upper limb kinematics and plays a stabilizing role during complex movements such as throwing, swimming, or pushing.

Common clinical conditions affecting the sternoclavicular joint include osteoarthritis, especially in older adults, and various inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Sports injuries, such as direct trauma or falls, can cause acute dislocation, with anterior or posterior displacement, which can be potentially life‑threatening if it compromises adjacent vascular or airway structures. Pain, swelling, and limited motion are typical symptoms of joint effusion or osteochondritis.

Diagnosis is typically made by physical examination and imaging, with standard radiographs first, followed by computed tomography for detailed bone assessment or magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate soft tissue injury. Treatment depends on the underlying pathology: non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, and joint replacement surgery are options for degenerative disease, while acute dislocations may require reduction under anesthesia and possible immobilisation. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to preserve joint function and prevent complications.