Steatocranus

Steatocranus is a genus of cichlid fish that are endemic to the Congo River basin in Africa. These fish are commonly known as bony-headed cichlids due to the distinctive bulbous protuberance on the head of adult males, which is particularly pronounced in some species. This unique feature is thought to be used in combat between males for dominance and mating rights.

The genus Steatocranus includes several species, each with slight variations in coloration, finnage, and the size and shape of the cranial protuberance. They are generally small to medium-sized cichlids, typically inhabiting rocky substrates in fast-flowing rivers and rapids. Their diet consists primarily of invertebrates and small crustaceans.

Steatocranus cichlids are popular among aquarists due to their interesting morphology and behaviors. However, they can be challenging to keep, requiring specific water parameters, including clean, well-oxygenated water with a moderate current. Breeding can also be difficult, with many species being monogamous and exhibiting territorial defense during spawning. Conservation efforts are important for some Steatocranus species, as habitat degradation and overcollection can pose threats to their wild populations.