Staphyloma

Staphyloma is a medical term referring to a prolapse of ocular tissues, typically the uvea, through a weak or perforated cornea or sclera. This condition results in a bulging or protrusion of the eye's internal structures. Staphylomas can be congenital or acquired. Congenital staphylomas are present at birth and are often associated with developmental abnormalities. Acquired staphylomas can arise secondary to trauma, inflammation, infection, or surgical interventions that compromise the integrity of the eyewall.

The appearance of a staphyloma is characterized by a dark, bluish, or purplish protrusion on the surface of the eye, corresponding to the underlying uveal tissue. The size and location of the staphyloma can vary. Depending on the severity and extent of the condition, symptoms may include decreased visual acuity, pain, and cosmetic concerns. Vision loss can occur due to stretching of the retina or other ocular structures, or if the staphyloma involves the cornea and obstructs vision.

Diagnosis of staphyloma typically involves a thorough ophthalmological examination, including visual acuity testing, slit-lamp examination, and sometimes ultrasound biomicroscopy or optical coherence tomography to assess the extent and nature of the prolapse. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause, size, and location of the staphyloma, as well as the patient's visual status. Management may involve medical therapy to control inflammation or infection, or surgical intervention to repair the defect in the cornea or sclera and potentially remove or reposition the prolapsed uveal tissue. In cases with extensive damage and poor visual prognosis, enucleation (removal of the eyeball) may be considered.