Staphylinidae

Staphylinidae, commonly known as rove beetles, is a family in the order Coleoptera. It is one of the largest beetle families, with more than 60,000 described species and a global distribution. Members are distinguished by their elongated bodies and very short elytra, usually exposing more than half of the abdominal segments. This configuration permits rapid running and flexible movement through leaf litter, soil, and other confined spaces.

Most species are predators of other small invertebrates, though many feed on decaying organic matter, fungi, or spores. Larvae and adults often share similar diets. Some species are myrmecophilous or termitophilous, living in association with ants or termites, while others are cave- or aquatic-adjacent. They play an important role in soil ecology and natural pest control.

They display a broad range of life histories; development is holometabolous (egg, larva, pupa, adult). Many rove beetles undergo rapid molts and can be short-lived; some are large and diurnal, others small and nocturnal.

Human interactions: a few species produce toxins or irritants; Paederus beetles can cause dermatitis in humans if they contact skin.

Notable species: Ocypus olens (devil's coach horse) is widely recognized; several species in the genus Paederus can cause dermatitis.