StandardAminosäuren

StandardAminosäuren, also known as Proteinogene Aminosäuren, are the 20 amino acids that are used to synthesize proteins in living organisms. These amino acids are categorized into essential and non-essential amino acids based on their requirement for dietary intake. The essential amino acids, which cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained through diet, include histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine. The non-essential amino acids, which can be synthesized by the body, include alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. The amino acid arginine is conditionally essential, meaning it is required only in specific physiological conditions such as stress or illness. The standard amino acids share a common structure, consisting of an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH), and a side chain (R group) that varies among the different amino acids. This variation in the side chain determines the chemical properties and biological functions of each amino acid. The standard amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, which are essential for various biological functions including enzyme catalysis, hormone production, and structural support. The genetic code specifies the sequence of amino acids in proteins, with each amino acid represented by a triplet of nucleotides. The standard amino acids are universal among all known forms of life, although some organisms may use additional amino acids or modified versions of the standard amino acids. The study of standard amino acids is fundamental to understanding protein structure, function, and the genetic code.