Stahlsorten

Stahlsorten is the German term for types of steel. In a broader sense, it denotes the categories of steel defined by chemical composition and intended use. Classification schemes vary by country, but common groupings distinguish based on carbon content, alloying elements, corrosion resistance, and heat-treatment behavior. This categorization guides engineers and manufacturers in selecting materials for structural parts, machinery, and consumer products.

Carbon steels contain iron and carbon with limited alloying additions. They are typically divided into low-carbon steels (good formability and weldability), medium-carbon steels (higher strength), and high-carbon steels (hard and wear-resistant, but less ductile). Their properties are strongly influenced by heat treatment, making them versatile for nails, fasteners, bridges, and tools.

Alloy steels include significant amounts of alloying elements such as chromium, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, or others to improve strength, hardenability, or toughness. Stainless steels form a special subset with at least 10.5% chromium, offering corrosion resistance. They are classified as austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, or duplex and are used in cookware, chemical plants, medical equipment, and construction.

Tool steels and other special steels are engineered for specific service conditions. Tool steels prioritize hardness and wear resistance for cutting, forming, or stamping tools. High-speed steels, case-hardening steels, and hot-work steels are typical examples, chosen according to required hardness, toughness, and operating temperature.

Standards such as DIN/EN, AISI/SAE, ISO, and ASTM describe steel grades and specifications. Selecting a Stahlsorte depends on mechanical requirements, corrosion exposure, machinability, weldability, heat-treatment response, availability, and cost. Processing involves refining, alloying, forming, and heat treatment to achieve the desired balance of properties.