Squeezedvalon

Squeezedvalon is a theoretical construct used within the valon model of hadronic structure to describe a valon prepared in a quantum-squeezed state. The concept takes its cue from squeezed states in quantum optics, where the uncertainty of one observable is reduced below the standard quantum limit at the expense of increased uncertainty in a conjugate observable.

In this framework, a squeezedvalon modifies the internal distributions associated with a valon’s degrees of freedom, such as its momentum fraction or spatial localization. The state is obtained by applying a squeezing operator to the valon’s wavefunction, with a complex parameter that determines the amount and orientation of squeezing. This yields reduced fluctuations in a chosen quadrature of the valon’s internal variables and amplified fluctuations in the complementary quadrature.

Possible implications include changes to parton distribution functions and form factors in certain kinematic regimes, particularly where high parton densities or extreme momentum transfers are relevant. The idea is largely exploratory and model-dependent; there is no direct experimental evidence that squeezedvalons exist, and their observational signatures remain a subject of debate.

Critics note that without clear, unique predictions, the concept risks conflating ordinary valon fluctuations with new quantum states. Proponents argue that squeezedvalons offer a useful way to parameterize atypical fluctuations in hadronic structure and to probe the limits of the valon model in high-energy processes or lattice QCD studies.

See also: valon model, squeezed state, parton distribution function.