Spänningsimpuls

Spänningsimpuls, often translated as voltage impulse or transient voltage, refers to a sudden, brief, and significant change in electrical voltage. These impulses are characterized by their rapid rise time and decay, deviating sharply from the normal operating voltage of an electrical system. They can be positive or negative in polarity and vary in duration, though they are typically of very short duration, often measured in microseconds or milliseconds.

Spänningsimpulser can originate from various sources. Natural phenomena such as lightning strikes are a primary cause, generating powerful surges that can travel long distances through power lines. Man-made sources are also common, including the switching of heavy electrical loads, the operation of electrical machinery like motors and relays, and electrostatic discharge (ESD) events. Within electronic circuits, internal switching operations or component failures can also create transient voltages.

The effects of spänningsimpulser on electrical and electronic equipment can be detrimental. They can exceed the voltage ratings of components, leading to insulation breakdown, component damage, or complete failure. This can result in costly repairs, system downtime, and potential safety hazards. To mitigate these risks, various protective measures are employed, such as surge protective devices (SPDs), lightning arresters, and proper grounding techniques. Understanding the nature and sources of spänningsimpulser is crucial for designing robust and reliable electrical systems.