Springfedés

Springfedés refers to the use or management of water derived from natural springs to supply domestic, agricultural, or industrial needs. A spring-fed system captures water at the spring outlet or in a spring box and conveys it through gravity to a storage reservoir or distribution point, with minimal or no pumping. The approach relies on the elevation difference between source and point of use and can provide relatively steady pressure and low energy costs when the terrain allows.

Typical components include the spring source, a spring box or chamber to stabilize flow and trap sediment, a diversion or weir, a gravity-fed pipe network, and a storage tank or tankhouse. Where needed, simple treatment such as filtration and disinfection is added to meet water quality standards. Protection of the spring head and catchment from contamination is essential, as is regular maintenance of the catchment area and conveyance system to prevent sediment build-up or leaks.

Origins and use: Spring-fed systems have been used since ancient times in mountainous and karst regions, and continue in rural areas where springs are abundant. The method is common in traditional villages and some agricultural estates, particularly where boreholes are impractical or expensive.

Advantages and limitations: The main advantages are low operating costs, high reliability in favorable terrain, and generally good water quality due to natural filtration. Limitations include variability in spring yield, dependence on topography, vulnerability to contamination at the source, and the need for ongoing maintenance and protective infrastructure.