Speleogenetic

Speleogenetic refers to the processes by which caves are formed. It is the study of cave genesis, exploring the geological and hydrological factors that lead to the development of underground voids. The most common type of speleogenesis involves dissolution, where soluble rocks like limestone, dolomite, or gypsum are eroded by circulating water. This water, often acidic due to dissolved carbon dioxide, slowly carves out passages and chambers over long periods.

Other speleogenetic processes exist, though they are less common. Volcanic speleogenesis, for example, occurs in lava flows, where the outer crust solidifies while molten lava continues to flow beneath, leaving behind lava tubes. Sea-level speleogenesis can happen along coastlines where wave action erodes soluble rock, forming features like littoral caves. Talus caves form in accumulations of rock debris, where spaces between the rocks create openings. Frost wedging and other mechanical weathering processes can also contribute to cave formation, particularly in colder climates or at higher altitudes. Understanding speleogenesis is crucial for geologists and speleologists to interpret cave environments, predict their evolution, and manage their preservation.