Spektroszkópos

Spektroszkópos is a Hungarian adjective meaning "spectroscopic" and is used to describe methods, instruments, or observations that involve the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter. In scientific contexts it commonly appears in phrases such as "spektroszkópos vizsgálat" (spectroscopic analysis) or "spektroszkópos módszer" (spectroscopic method).

Spectroscopic techniques exploit how atoms, molecules, or condensed matter absorb, emit, or scatter light and other electromagnetic radiation to reveal information about composition, structure, electronic states and dynamics. Major categories include optical spectroscopy (UV–visible, infrared, Raman), atomic spectroscopy (absorption and emission), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR/EPR), X-ray spectroscopy (XPS, XAS) and related methods used in chemistry, physics, materials science, biology and astronomy.

Instruments described as spektroszkópos typically comprise a radiation source or sample illumination, a wavelength-dispersing element (prism or diffraction grating), and a detector; common devices are spectrometers and spectrophotometers. Spectroscopic data appear as spectra—plots of intensity versus wavelength or frequency—where discrete lines or bands correspond to quantized energy transitions and molecular vibrations.

Historically, spectroscopy developed from early studies of optical spectra and Fraunhofer lines to the formulation of emission and absorption laws by Kirchhoff and Bunsen, becoming a fundamental analytical and observational tool. Spectroscopic methods enable chemical identification, structural analysis, remote sensing and astronomical investigation of distant objects.