SpektralFeatures

Spektralfeatures is a term used to describe a broad class of spectral-domain descriptors employed to characterize the frequency content of signals over time. It is not a single measure, but a framework for assembling multiple spectral properties into a feature vector suitable for machine learning and statistical analysis.

Construction and typical components: Spektralfeatures are computed from spectral representations such as the short-time Fourier transform or wavelet transforms. Common components include instantaneous descriptors like spectral centroid, bandwidth, entropy, flatness, and rolloff, as well as higher-order statistics such as skewness and kurtosis of the spectrum. Additional elements may capture spectral dynamics through delta features, spectral flux, contrast, chroma-like aggregations, or texture-like measures across the frequency axis. In many implementations, features are normalized per recording or per segment and may be reduced in dimensionality by techniques such as PCA.

Applications: In music information retrieval, Spektralfeatures support tasks such as genre or instrument classification, tempo estimation, and mood tagging. In speech processing, they assist in speaker identification, emotion recognition, and spoken language understanding. In industrial and environmental monitoring, Spektralfeatures are used to detect anomalies by tracking spectral changes due to faults or events.

Implementation considerations: Software toolkits may expose different subsets of the feature set. Users must consider noise sensitivity, channel effects, sampling rate, frame size, and normalization when comparing results. The term is most useful as a descriptive label for heterogeneous spectral descriptors rather than a single, prescriptive metric.