Speichen

Speichen, also known as "spokes" in English, are the radial structural elements found in many types of wheels, bicycles, and other rotating machinery. The term originates from the German word *Speiche*, which refers to the thin, elongated pieces that extend from the hub of a wheel to the rim. These spokes provide essential support by transferring the forces generated during use, such as braking, acceleration, and cornering, from the hub to the rim.

Historically, spokes were made from materials like wood, bone, or metal, with early designs often relying on simple tension to hold the wheel together. The invention of steel spokes in the late 19th century revolutionized wheel construction, enabling lighter and more durable wheels. Modern spokes are typically made from high-strength alloys, such as aluminum or carbon fiber, which offer improved strength-to-weight ratios and enhanced performance.

The arrangement of spokes varies depending on the wheel’s design. Common configurations include single-spoke wheels, double-spoke wheels, and multi-spoke wheels, with the latter often featuring 24 to 48 spokes for better load distribution and rigidity. The number of spokes can also influence the wheel’s stiffness and responsiveness, affecting handling and comfort.

In addition to wheels, spokes are used in other applications, such as in the design of some types of fans, propellers, and even architectural structures. Their versatility and structural efficiency make them a fundamental component in many engineering and design fields.