Spårvagnarna

Spårvagnarna, or street trams, are rail vehicles that operate on urban tracks embedded in streets and are used for public transport. They typically draw power from overhead lines and run in mixed traffic or on dedicated tracks, offering frequent, reliable service in dense city centers.

Trams originated in the 19th century as horse-drawn vehicles, evolved to steam power, and by the early 20th century electric traction became dominant in most cities. In many countries, including Sweden, tram networks expanded in the early 1900s, then declined after World War II as buses gained prominence, and were later rebuilt and modernized from the late 20th century onward.

Modern tram systems use low-floor designs to improve accessibility and are typically powered by 600–750 V DC via pantographs on overhead lines; some networks employ ground-level power supply or battery-assisted vehicles. Networks usually combine street-running sections with segregated tracks in busy corridors, and often use signal priority and frequent stops to maximize efficiency.

Trams contribute to urban mobility by providing high-capacity, relatively low-emission transport and by supporting urban renewal and livability. They are commonly integrated with buses and metro systems, enabling seamless transfers and reliable journey times. Heritage or tourist tramways also exist in several cities, preserving historical rolling stock and educational value.

Today, tram systems operate in many European, Asian, and Australian cities. In Sweden, major networks persist in Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö, forming an important part of the national public transport infrastructure.