Somatotropiini

Somatotropiini, also known as growth hormone or human growth hormone (hGH), is a peptide hormone produced primarily by the anterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in regulating growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration in humans and other animals. The secretion of somatotropiini is stimulated by growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and inhibited by somatostatin, maintaining a balanced physiological level.

The hormone influences numerous physiological processes, including stimulating the growth of skeletal muscles and bones, enhancing protein synthesis, and promoting lipolysis, which increases fat breakdown for energy. It also affects carbohydrate metabolism and has an impact on overall metabolic rates. During childhood and adolescence, somatotropiini is essential for normal growth and development. In adulthood, it helps maintain tissue and organ functions and plays a role in metabolic health.

Synthetic formulations of somatotropiini are used therapeutically to treat growth hormone deficiency in children and adults, as well as conditions such as chronic kidney disease and certain growth failure disorders. Additionally, it is sometimes misused in athletics and bodybuilding for its purported abilities to enhance muscle mass and performance, although such use is controversial and regulated under doping policies.

Excessive secretion of somatotropiini, often due to pituitary tumors, can lead to conditions like acromegaly in adults or gigantism in children, characterized by abnormal growth of bones and tissues. Conversely, deficiency can result in growth failure, stunted development, and various metabolic issues.

Research continues to explore the broader roles of somatotropiini in aging, metabolism, and disease, making it a significant focus within endocrinology. Overall, somatotropiini is a vital hormone with diverse functions essential for growth and metabolic health.