Solumuovina

Solumuovina is a term used in Finnish to refer to cellular plastics, a class of lightweight, porous polymers produced by introducing gas bubbles into a polymer matrix to create a cellular structure. The material is valued for its low density, good thermal insulation, and cushioning properties. Cellular plastics are generally categorized as closed-cell, with sealed pockets that provide moisture resistance and buoyancy, or open-cell, with interconnected pores that offer superior sound absorption.

Production and structure: Foaming is achieved with physical blowing agents (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen) or chemical blowing agents that release gas during processing. Manufacturing methods include extrusion and molding for rigid polystyrene foams (EPS and extruded XPS), casting or spraying for polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams, and various forming techniques for polyolefin foams. Cell size and density are adjusted by formulation and processing conditions.

Common materials and uses: The most widely used solumuovina types are polystyrene foams (EPS and XPS) for building insulation, refrigerated storage, and protective packaging; polyurethane and PIR foams provide insulation, gaskets, and cushioning; polyolefin foams serve as impact-absorbing packaging and comfort products. Some foams are produced with bio-based or recycled content.

Environmental and safety aspects: Foam plastics are largely non-biodegradable and pose recycling and end-of-life challenges; mechanical recycling exists for rigid foams, while chemical recycling is developing. Fire performance, off-gas emissions, and long-term aging are important considerations in building and consumer applications.