Solidarists

Solidarism is a political and economic philosophy that emphasizes solidarity, which is the unity or agreement of feeling or action, especially among individuals with a common interest; mutual support within a group. It emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, largely as a response to the perceived failures of both laissez-faire capitalism and Marxist socialism. Solidarists sought to create a system that combined individual liberty with social responsibility and cooperation.

Key tenets of Solidarism include the idea that individuals are interdependent and that society has a moral obligation to support its members, particularly those who are less fortunate. This support is not seen as mere charity but as a fundamental aspect of social justice. Solidarists advocate for social insurance programs, such as unemployment benefits, pensions, and healthcare, funded through contributions from individuals and employers. They believe these programs help to mitigate the risks inherent in modern economic life and promote a more equitable distribution of resources.

Economically, Solidarism generally favors a mixed economy, where private enterprise operates within a framework of social regulation. This framework aims to prevent excessive exploitation, ensure fair wages, and promote the common good. The role of the state is seen as crucial in establishing and maintaining these social safety nets and regulatory structures, but not to the extent of state ownership of the means of production, as proposed by some socialist ideologies.

While not a monolithic movement, Solidarism has influenced various social democratic, Christian democratic, and centrist political parties and policies throughout the 20th century. It represents a moderate approach seeking to balance individual freedom and economic efficiency with social solidarity and collective well-being.