Socrática

Socrática refers to the philosophical method attributed to Socrates, the ancient Greek philosopher. This method is primarily characterized by a series of probing questions, often designed to expose contradictions in the beliefs or statements of the person being questioned. The goal is not to provide answers but to lead the individual to discover their own ignorance and arrive at a more profound understanding of a concept through critical examination.

The Socratic method, also known as elenchus or the Socratic debate, involves a dialectical process. Socrates would engage in dialogue, asking his interlocutor to define a concept, such as justice, virtue, or piety. As the interlocutor offered a definition, Socrates would respond with further questions that revealed logical inconsistencies or overlooked aspects of the concept. This iterative questioning aims to refine the initial definition and bring the participants closer to a more accurate and comprehensive understanding.

Key features of the Socratic method include its focus on aporia, a state of confusion or perplexity that arises when initial beliefs are challenged. This state is considered a crucial step toward genuine learning, as it motivates the individual to seek new knowledge and revise their understanding. The method emphasizes self-examination and the importance of questioning assumptions, rather than passively accepting received wisdom. It is a foundational element in Western philosophy and continues to be employed in educational and critical thinking contexts today.