Sobretorque

Sobretorque refers to the application of torque to a fastener beyond the value specified for a given assembly. In technical Spanish usage, it implies tightening beyond the design limits of the joint, with potential damage and compromised performance.

Common causes include misreading the torque specification, using damaged or incorrect torque tools, lubrication or friction effects that alter the required torque, cross-threading, or intentional excessive tightening to seal a joint more aggressively or to overcome loosening.

The effects of sobretorque can be severe: threads can be stripped or damaged; bolts can yield or fracture; nuts may seize; mating surfaces can warp or crack; gaskets can be crushed excessively, leading to leaks and loss of preload. Over-tightening often reduces the effectiveness of the joint by causing uneven load distribution and premature fatigue.

Prevention and control involve using calibrated torque equipment and following the exact torque and sequence specified by the manufacturer. Proper thread lubrication as specified, inspection of fasteners for damage before reuse, avoiding re-tightening beyond the recommended value, and, when appropriate, applying torque-angle methods to achieve adequate preload without yielding are important strategies.

In a broader context, sobretorque is contrasted with under-torque, where insufficient preload weakens the joint. The relationship between torque and preload is influenced by friction, lubrication, and thread condition, making adherence to spec essential for joint reliability.

Note: The term sobretorque is used in Spanish-language technical literature; English-language equivalents include over-torque or over-tightening.