Småkärlsvaskuliteter

Småkärlsvaskuliteter, also known as small vessel vasculitis, refers to a group of inflammatory conditions that affect the walls of small blood vessels. These vessels include arterioles, venules, and capillaries. The inflammation can lead to a reduction in blood flow, and in severe cases, organ damage. The exact cause of small vessel vasculitis is often unknown, but it can be triggered by infections, autoimmune diseases, or certain medications.

Symptoms vary depending on the organs affected, but commonly include skin rashes, particularly palpable purpura, which are raised, bruise-like spots. Other potential symptoms include joint pain, fever, fatigue, kidney problems, and nerve issues. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, blood tests to detect inflammation markers and antibodies, and often a biopsy of an affected tissue, such as skin or kidney, to confirm the presence of inflammation in small blood vessels.

Treatment for small vessel vasculitis aims to reduce inflammation and prevent organ damage. This often involves immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids and other agents like cyclophosphamide or rituximab, depending on the severity and specific type of vasculitis. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a better prognosis and to minimize long-term complications.