Skunks

Skunks are small to medium carnivorans in the family Mephitidae, native to the Americas. They are best known for their pair of anal scent glands that can spray a foul-tasting liquid when threatened. The two main genera are Mephitis, which includes the striped and hooded skunks, and Spilogale, the spotted skunks.

Physical characteristics vary by species, but skunks typically have a black coat with white or light-colored stripes or spots. They have short legs, elongated bodies, and bushy tails. Size ranges widely among species.

Skunks are largely nocturnal and solitary outside of breeding seasons. They are omnivorous, feeding on insects, small vertebrates, eggs, fruits, and seeds. They use keen senses and can defend territories with scent marking and vocalizations.

Breeding occurs in late winter to early spring. After a gestation of about two months, females give birth to several altricial young, which are weaned within six to eight weeks. Young skunks disperse as they grow.

Defense relies on the anal glands, which eject a pungent spray that can reach several meters. The spray contains sulfur-containing compounds and other volatile ingredients, and can cause irritation to the eyes and nose; skunks spray mainly as a last resort.

Skunks inhabit a variety of habitats, including forests, grasslands, deserts, and suburban areas. They are generally widespread and adaptable, though populations can be affected by habitat loss, road mortality, and disease. They play a role in controlling insect and rodent populations and serve as prey for larger predators.