Skrofulos

Skrofulos, also known as scrofula, is a term historically used to describe a form of tuberculosis that primarily affects the lymph nodes of the neck. This condition is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the same pathogen responsible for pulmonary tuberculosis. The term "skrofulos" is derived from the Latin word "scrofa," meaning "a breeding sow," as the swollen lymph nodes were thought to resemble the appearance of a sow's warts.

The disease was particularly prevalent in children and was often referred to as "the king's evil" due to the belief that it could be cured by the touch of a monarch. This practice, known as the "royal touch," was common in medieval Europe and involved the monarch laying hands on the afflicted individual, often accompanied by prayers and the recitation of religious texts.

Skrofulos typically presents as a painless, slow-growing mass in the neck, often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and fatigue. The condition can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, including a tuberculin skin test or a blood test for tuberculosis antibodies. Treatment usually involves a course of antibiotics specifically targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide.

While skrofulos is now relatively rare due to effective tuberculosis control measures, it remains a significant health concern in regions with high rates of tuberculosis infection. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to preventing complications and ensuring a full recovery. Public health efforts continue to focus on tuberculosis prevention, including vaccination and the implementation of infection control measures in high-risk settings.