Skjaldkirtilsbólgu

Skjaldkirtilsbólgu, also known as thyroiditis, refers to inflammation of the thyroid gland. This is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism. Thyroiditis can manifest in various forms, each with potentially different causes and symptoms.

Common types include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid. This often leads to hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid doesn't produce enough hormones. Another form is subacute thyroiditis, often triggered by a viral infection, which can cause temporary hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism before the gland typically recovers. Postpartum thyroiditis is another variant that can occur in women after childbirth.

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and stage of thyroiditis. They might include a swollen or tender neck, pain in the jaw, ears, or throat, fatigue, weight changes, and mood disturbances. In some cases, individuals may experience symptoms of an overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) such as rapid heartbeat and anxiety, or an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) such as constipation and feeling cold.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and antibodies, and sometimes imaging tests like an ultrasound. Treatment depends on the specific type of thyroiditis and the presence of hormone imbalances. It may involve medication to manage hormone levels or anti-inflammatory drugs to alleviate pain and swelling. In most cases, thyroiditis is manageable and can be treated effectively.