Skizofrénia

Skizofrénia is a chronic and severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. People with schizophrenia may seem like they have lost touch with reality, which can be distressing for them and their families. While the exact causes are unknown, it is believed to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and brain chemistry factors.

Symptoms of schizophrenia typically emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood. They are generally categorized into positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Positive symptoms are those that add to a person's experience, such as hallucinations (seeing or hearing things that aren't there) and delusions (false, fixed beliefs). Negative symptoms involve a reduction in normal emotional and behavioral functions, like decreased expression of emotion, lack of motivation, and reduced speech. Cognitive symptoms affect thinking processes, including problems with memory, attention, and executive functions like decision-making.

Diagnosis of schizophrenia is based on a thorough evaluation of a person's symptoms, medical history, and a physical exam to rule out other conditions. Treatment usually involves a combination of antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, and social support. While schizophrenia cannot be cured, these treatments can help manage symptoms and improve a person's quality of life. Early intervention and consistent treatment are crucial for long-term well-being. Support from family and friends also plays a vital role in recovery.