Skivbråck

Skivbråck, also known as a herniated disc or slipped disc, refers to a medical condition where the soft inner material of a spinal disc protrudes through a tear in the tougher outer layer. Spinal discs are located between the vertebrae and act as shock absorbers for the spine. They consist of a jelly-like center (nucleus pulposus) surrounded by a fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus).

When the annulus fibrosus weakens or tears, the nucleus pulposus can push through, causing a herniated disc. This protrusion can then press on nearby spinal nerves or the spinal cord itself, leading to a variety of symptoms. The location of the herniated disc significantly influences the symptoms experienced. Common symptoms include localized pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the area affected by the compressed nerve, often radiating down an arm or leg.

Risk factors for developing a skivbråck include aging, as spinal discs naturally lose some of their hydration and flexibility over time, as well as repetitive strain, heavy lifting, sudden twisting movements, and obesity. While some herniated discs cause no symptoms, others can be quite painful and debilitating.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, assessment of medical history, and often imaging tests such as MRI or CT scans to visualize the spinal discs and nerves. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of symptoms and may include conservative approaches like rest, physical therapy, pain medication, and epidural steroid injections. In more severe or persistent cases, surgery may be considered to remove the herniated portion of the disc and relieve pressure on the nerves.